What types of heart disease afflict valves?
What Types Of Heart Disease Afflict Valves?
Introduction
One of the different types of heart disease is rheumatic heart disease, valvular heart disease. In India, this is prevalent in states where health infrastructure is poor. Greater awareness of the causes for rheumatic heart disease can considerably reduce the prevalence and ensure proper prevention and treatment. This will help bring about better recovery among patients.
What Is Ischemic Heart Disease ICD 10?
This refers to the code for ischemic heart disease in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition. All types of heart disease belonging to ischemic heart disease category belong to the category I20-I25. Here is a quick outline of the ICD-10 codes:
I20 – Angina Pectoris
I20.0: Unstable angina
I20.1: Angina pectoris with documented spasm
I20.8: Other forms of angina pectoris
I20.9: Angina pectoris, unspecified
I21 – Acute Myocardial Infarction
I21.0: ST elevation myocardial infarction of the anterior wall
I21.1: ST elevation myocardial infarction of the inferior wall
I21.9: Acute myocardial infarction, unspecified
I22 – Subsequent Myocardial Infarction
I22.0: Subsequent ST elevation myocardial infarction of the anterior wall
I22.1: Subsequent ST elevation myocardial infarction of the inferior wall
I22.9: Subsequent myocardial infarction, unspecified
I23 – Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction
I23.0: Rupture of the heart wall due to acute myocardial infarction
I23.1: Acute myocardial infarction complicated by other heart failure
I23.9: Complications of acute myocardial infarction, unspecified
I24 – Other Acute Ischemic Heart Diseases
I24.0: Myocardial infarction due to coronary artery spasm
I24.1: Acute ischemic heart disease due to embolism of coronary artery
I24.9: Acute ischemic heart disease, unspecified
I25 – Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease
I25.0: Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary arteries
I25.1: Atherosclerotic heart disease of grafts
I25.8: Other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease
I25.9: Chronic ischemic heart disease, unspecified
These codes help in diagnosis and documentation of ischemic heart disease, especially in medical records. This assists effective management of patient’s records and treatment, and also helps in structuring records for statistical analysis.
What Does Stable Ischemic Heart Disease Mean?
This is one among the many types of heart disease and refers to a chronic condition due to stable coronary artery disease. This triggers predictable symptoms, usually angina, that can be managed to a certain extent. Here is a quick look at the characteristics of the condition.
There are clear and predictable symptoms like angina that follows a pattern, due to physical exertion, stress, etc. This is usually relieved with rest or recommended medications.
Stable angina refers to chest pain experienced when the heart muscle does not receive sufficient blood and oxygen. This is felt as some kind of pressure, or squeezing sensation, or a full feeling in the chest. This may usually be relieved with rest or with medicines like nitroglycerin.
When it is labelled as chronic, it means it is long-term and stable. It indicates that the condition has not progressed or aggravated in a period. This can be managed with changes to lifestyle, medicines, and periodic monitoring.
Which Is The Most Common Cyanotic Heart Disease?
As we look at different types of heart disease, it is time to look at the most common cyanotic heart disease in children – Tetralogy of Fallot. This condition is due to a combination of four heart defects resulting in poor supply of oxygenated blood. This causes a bluish appearance of the skin and lips from low oxygen levels and is known as cyanosis Let us look at the different conditions that cause Tetralogy of Fallot:
- Ventricular Septal Defect – a condition where a hole forms between the left and right ventricles of the heart.
- Pulmonary stenosis – a condition where the outflow tract from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery is narrowed. This restricts the flow of blood to the lungs.
- Overriding aorta – a condition where the aorta is positioned over the ventricular septal defect, across the left and right ventricles. This is instead of the normal position over the left ventricle.
- Right ventricular hypertrophy – a condition where the muscular walls of the right ventricle are thickened as a result of increased pressure.
What Are The Different Types Of Rheumatic Heart Disease?
There are different types of heart disease as subsets of rheumatic heart disease. The condition is attributed to rheumatic fever due to untreated strep throat or scarlet fever. Rheumatic heart disease typically affects the heart valves causing multiple complications. Different types are outlined below:
- Mitral stenosis – a condition caused by narrowing of the mitral valve, affecting flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
- Mitral regurgitation – a condition where the mitral valve leaks, causing blood to flow back into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts.
- Aortic stenosis – a condition where the aortic valve is narrowed, limiting flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta.
- Aortic regurgitation – a condition where the aortic valve starts leaking, permitting blood to flow back to the left ventricle.
- Tricuspid valve involvement – a condition that is not common commonly linked to rheumatic fever. However, this can cause narrowing or leakage.
- Pulmonary valve involvement – a condition that causes pulmonary stenosis or narrowing or leakage.
- Mixed valve disease – a condition where the rheumatic heart disease affects more than one valve, causing stenosis and leakage in different valves.
- Carditis – a condition causing inflammation of the heart muscle along with valve damage.
What Are The Various Types Of Valvular Heart Disease?
Disorders affecting one or more of the heart’s valves is known as valvular heart disease. This is one of the types of heart disease affecting the normal flow of blood through the heart. The different types of valvular heart disease include the following:
- Mitral Valve Stenosis – narrowing of the mitral valve.
- Mitral Valve Regurgitation – leakage of the mitral valve.
- Aortic Valve Stenosis – narrowing of the aortic valve.
- Aortic Valve Regurgitation – leakage of the aortic valve.
- Tricuspid Valve Stenosis – narrowing of the tricuspid valve.
- Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation – leakage of the tricuspid valve.
- Pulmonary Valve Stenosis – narrowing of the pulmonary valve.
- Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation – leakage of the pulmonary valve.
- Mixed Valve Disease – multiple valves involvement.
- Endocarditis-Related Valve Disease – valve damage as a result of infection.
Related Blogs :
Shetty B s a cardiologist in Chennai, with extensive experience in the field. He completed his MBBS from Madurai Kamaraj University, followed by an MD in General Medicine and a DM in Cardiology from The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University (TNMGRMU).